Assignment: Women’s Movement
Assignment: Women’s Movement
Assignment: Women’s Movement
Assignment: Women’s Movement
Assignment: Women’s Movement
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historical speeches might include the history of the women’s movement in the United States, the sequence of events that led to the 1974 resignation of President Richard Nixon, or the development of the modern Olympic Games. You can choose to organize your main points either from earliest to most recent (forward in time) or from recent events back into history (backward in time). The progression you choose depends on your personal preference and on whether you want to emphasize the
R E
C A
P Primacy, Recency, and Complexity • Primacy—most important point first • Recency—most important point last • Complexity—simplest point first, most
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complex point last
recency Arrangement of ideas from the least to the most important
complexity Arrangement of ideas from the simple to the more complex
chronological organization Organization by time or sequence
Organizing Your Main Ideas 165
beginning or the end of the sequence. As we observed earlier, according to the principle of recency, audiences tend to remember best what they hear last.
In the following outline for a speech on the development of the Apple iPad, the speaker moves forward in time, making his last point the one that remains fresh in the minds of his audience at the end of his speech.
PURPOSE STATEMENT: At the end of my speech, the audience will be able to trace the major events in the development of the iPad.
CENTRAL IDEA: Drawing on the technology and market success of earlier devices, the Apple iPad has quickly be- come a bestseller.
MAIN IDEAS: I. 1993: Newton Message Pad marketed by Apple
II. 2001: iPod introduced
III. 2007: iPhone debuted
IV. 2010: iPad unveiled4
How-to explanations are also likely to follow a sequence or series of steps arranged from beginning to end, from the first step to the last—forward in time. A speech explaining how to strip painted furniture might be organized as follows:
PURPOSE STATEMENT: At the end of my speech, the audience will be able to list the four steps involved in stripping old paint from furniture.
CENTRAL IDEA: Stripping old paint from furniture requires four steps.
MAIN IDEAS: I. Prepare work area and gather materials.
II. Apply chemical stripper.
III. Remove stripper with scrapers and steel wool.
IV. Clean and sand stripped surfaces.
In another chronologically organized speech, this one discussing the develop- ment of YouTube, the speaker wants to emphasize the inauspicious origins of the pop- ular video site. Thus, she organizes the speech backward in time:
PURPOSE STATEMENT: At the end of my speech, the audience will be able to describe YouTube’s rapid rise from humble beginnings.
CENTRAL IDEA: The popular video site YouTube grew rapidly from humble beginnings.
MAIN IDEAS: I. May 2010: YouTube exceeds more than two billion viewers a day, nearly double the prime-time audiences of all three major U.S. television networks combined.
II. November 2006: YouTube acquired by Google
III. December 2005: YouTube site publicly launched
IV. February 2005: YouTube founded in a garage in Menlo Park, California5
Chronological organization, then, involves either forward or backward progres- sion, depending on which end of a set of events the speaker intends to emphasize. The element common to both organization schemes is that dates and events are discussed in sequence rather than in random order.
166 CHAPTER 7 Organizing Your Speech
Arranging Ideas Spatially When you say, “As you enter the room, the table is to your right, the easy chair to your left, and the kitchen door straight ahead,” you are using spatial organization: ar- ranging ideas—usually natural divisions of the central idea—according to their loca- tion or direction. It does not usually matter whether you progress up or down, east or west, forward or back, as long as you follow a logical progression. If you skip up, down, over, and back, you will confuse your listeners rather than paint a distinct word picture.
Speeches on such diverse subjects as the National Museum of the American In- dian, the travels of Robert Louis Stevenson, and the structure of an atom can all be organized spatially. Here is a sample outline for the first of those topics:
PURPOSE STATEMENT: At the end of my speech, the audience will be able to list and describe the four habitats recre- ated on the grounds of the National Museum of the American Indian in Washington, D.C.
CENTRAL IDEA: The grounds of the National Museum of the American Indian in Washington, D.C., are divided into four traditional American Indian habitats.
You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.
Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.
Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.
- The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS
Discussion Questions (DQ)
- Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
- Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.
- One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
- I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.
Weekly Participation
- Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
- In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
- Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
- Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.
APA Format and Writing Quality
- Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
- Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
- I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.
Use of Direct Quotes
- I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
- As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
- It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.
LopesWrite Policy
- For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
- Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
- Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
- Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.
Late Policy
- The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
- Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
- If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
- I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
- As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.
Communication
- Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:
- Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
- Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.
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