ENMT301 Enviroment And Ecosystems Prinicples Quiz 3

ENMT301 Enviroment And Ecosystems Prinicples

Quiz 3

Question 1Rank the following waste management options in order from the most preferred to the least preferred option:

____     Incineration with Energy Recovery

____     Waste Minimization

____     Disposal in a Sanitary Landfill

____     Recycling

____     Reuse

Question 2A good example of source reduction would be:

Question options:

burning old tires to generate usable energy.

finding uses for discarded computers and other high technology equipment.

the lighter weight of aluminum cans compared to 30 years ago.

installing air pollution control devices in incinerators.

increasing the percentage of paper, glass, and aluminum that is recycled in the United States.

Question 3When consumption or production of a product has a harmful side effect that is borne by people not directly involved in the market exchange for that product, the side effect is called a(n):

Question options:

marginal cost.

indirect cost.

additional cost.

intrinsic cost.

external cost.

Question 4Hardin (1968) referred to the tragedy of the commons. Identify which of the following represents a resource that could be characterized as a present-day commons.

Question options:

a) fresh water

b) atmosphere

c) forests

d) marine fisheries

e) all of these

Question 5The National Environmental Policy Act:

Question options:

mandates development of an Environmental Impact Statement at the end of any project using federal funds.

provided for the establishment of the Court on Environmental Quality to enforce U.S. environmental law.

requires the evaluation of proposed federal highway construction and military projects for their effects on the environment.

requires documentation of the financial impact of all environmental projects.

was signed into law in 1960.

Question 6Electric power plants typically do not operate efficiently because:

Question options:

A large amount of energy is lost as heat during generation.

Electricity is lost during transmission.

Energy often must be converted to supercooled hydrogen.

Electricity cannot be stored.

A large amount of energy is lost as heat during generation and electricity is lost during transmission

Question 7Which of the following fuels releases the greatest amount of energy per gram of fuel used?

Question options:

Natural gas

Coal

Crude oil

Wood

Peat

Question 8The greatest problem with the use of nuclear power to generate electricity is its production of:

Question options:

air pollutants

water pollution

carbon dioxide

radiation that is released into the surrounding region

radioactive waste that requires waste storage

Question 9Which three factors affect the global potential for using renewable energy sources to produce electricity? (Check the three factors that apply.)

Question options:

average fuel economy standards

availability of land suitable for energy generation

past global energy consumption rates

efficiency of energy conversion technology

costs associated with utilizing the energy source

Question 10In the United States, solar radiation is greatest in:

Question options:

the southwest.

the northeast.

the northwest.

the mid-west

Florida.

Question 11Which of the following statements about hydropower is true?

Question options:

Dams have little or no impact on native aquatic organisms.

Hydropower includes dams, tides, and ocean currents.

Dams are relatively inexpensive to build but are expensive to operate.

The Wild and Scenic Rivers Act fosters the hydroelectric development of U.S. waterways.

Humans downstream of a dam may be exposed to waterborne diseases if the dam breaks.

Question 12Potential locations for wind farms include:

Question options:

a) mountain passes

b) islands

c) coastal areas

d) grasslands

e) All of these places

Question 13Which of the following is an advantage of using biomass as a source of energy?

Question options:

deforestation

air pollution

depletion of minerals in the soil

increased possibility of erosion

potentially renewable source of energy

Question 14Geothermal energy is a prominent energy source in:

Question options:

Ireland.

northern Europe.

Iceland.

Australia.

Canada.

Question 15The Earth’s atmosphere is important because:

Question options:

it is primarily composed of oxygen, essential for our survival.

it is composed of approximately twenty different layers.

it protects us from UV radiation and X-rays.

it is a stable and unchanging part of our global environment.

the densest outer layer shields the Earth’s surface from dangerous forms of energy.

Question 16The long-term fluctuations in described by the Milankovitch cycles are due to:

Question options:

Oscillations in the earth’s orbit

A change in the output of solar energy from the sun

Periodic changes in the amount of cloud cover

Destruction of the ozone layer

Volcanic eruptions

Question 17What are natural drivers of climate change? (Check all that apply.)

Question options:

Changes in the earth’s orbit.

Variations in solar intensity.

Livestock farming

Deforestation

Volcanic eruptions

Question 18Which of the following activities is responsible for the largest percentage of human-made carbon dioxide emissions?

Question options:

burning of fossil fuels

deforestation

ozone depletion

acid deposition

agriculture

Question 19Which of the following causes sea levels to rise? (Check all that apply.)

Question options:

expansion of water as it warms

water is more reflective than ice

retreat of glaciers

ice absorbs more heat than water

thawing of permafrost

Question 20Which of the following statements about the effects of global warming on agriculture is TRUE?

Question options:

Global climate change decreases the frequency of droughts.

Rising sea level may inundate some of the world’s most productive agricultural lands.

Global climate change will result in a global increase in agricultural productivity.

The warmer temperatures will result in increased soil moisture content in many agricultural soils.

Warmer temperatures associated with global climate change will help to control agricultural pests.

Question 21Stratospheric ozone is important because it:

Question options:

Absorbs excess UV radiation.

Is what we breathe.

Powers the weather cycle.

Is an industrial pollutant.

Is part of the troposphere.

Question 22The agreement which called for a 50% reduction of CFC production by 2000 was the:

Question options:

Copenhagen Protocol.

Montreal Protocol.

Kyoto Protocol.

Toronto Protocol.

Mexico City Protocol.

Question 23Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides react with water to produce:

Question options:

Tropospheric ozone and photochemical smog.

hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid.

sulfuric acid and nitric acid.

sulfur nitrate and nitrogen sulfate.

carbonic acid and hydrochloric acid.