Epidemiologic Study Worksheet

Now that you’ve had the experience of designing a research study, you will have the opportunity to review and report on study designs developed by others.

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To prepare for this Epidemiologic Study Worksheet Application Assignment:

• Select two of the study abstracts
• To complete the Application Assignment, analyze the articles from different perspectives. With the two articles in mind, use the attached Epidemiologic Study Worksheet to answer the following questions. The final worksheet should be 2–3 pages in length. What did the researchers want the study to determine?
• What health condition(s) did the researchers study?
• What factors did the researchers investigate to determine an association with the outcome listed above? There may be more than one.
• Who did the researchers study? How many?
• What type of epidemiological study design (observational or experimental) does the study describe? Why?
• What type(s) or method(s) were used to collect the data for the study?
• What were the results of the study? What were the conclusions of the researchers?

Epidemiologic Study Worksheet Note: Following each abstract, you will find a link to the full article in the Walden Library. If you are interested in exploring the entire article, follow the link to the full article. It is not required to read the entire article, but doing so may deepen your understanding of epidemiological studies.
Be sure to support your work with specific citations from this week’s Learning Resources and additional scholarly sources as appropriate. Refer to the Pocket Guide to APA Style to ensure that your in-text citations and reference list are correct.
Note: Kindly follow the above instructions by helping me edit and rewrite the below Research paper and the reference in APA format. Thanks

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Epidemiologic Study Worksheet

For this week application the two article titles I chose are “Green tea and black tea consumption in relation to colorectal cancer risk: the Singapore Chinese Health Study” (Sun, Can-Lan; Yuan, Jian-Min; Koh, Woon Puay; Le, Hin-Peng; Yu, Mimi C. Carcinogenesis 28.10/ Oct, 2007: 2143-8.) and “Cross sectional study of effects of drinking green tea on cardiovscular and liver diseases” (Imai, K; Nakachi, K. British Medical Journal, International edition 310.6981/ Mach 18, 1995: 693.) Both of the articles want to determine the association between the green and black tea, and the protective qualities against the different diseases as in this cases colorectal cancer, liver and cardiovascular diseases. The first article of the to mentioned above, want s to determine the relationship between black and green tea and colorectal cancer risk in a cohort study in Singapore. The study involved more than 60,000 men and women, and the intake of green and black tea was examined separately, in a study time average of 8.9 years, were 845 colorectal cancer cases were identified.

The second article mentioned above wants to determine the relationship, by a cross sectional study, between the consumption of green tea and various serum markers in the Japanese population, with the special reference to prevent cardiovascular and liver diseases. Black and green tea have shown protective and inhibitory effects against oxidation and mutagenicity in liver and CV diseases. The cohort study was performed between 8553 individuals, aged over 40, between years 1986-90 (4 years lenght). Out of those, 3525 of them gave peripheral blood samples for screening check. Samples were collected between 1-3pm after strict 12 hours fasting before collection.
In the case of green tea and colorectal cancer the subjects who drank green tea showed non-clinical increase in risk of 95% in relative to those non green tea drinkers. The risk increase was mostly in men. Consumption pf black tea was not associated with colorectal cancer in the population at astudy. It was found that one of the catechins (epigallocatechin gallate), a main constituent of green tea components, inhibit the tumor and carcinogen formation in some animals at study. This also showed protective qualities against cardiovascular diseases. Ingestion of green leave extract in this animals showed decreased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides, also on concentration ratio of VLDL and HDL, two very important cholesterol lipoproteins in the liver.

Both of the studies were experimental studies because both included the intake of a “drug”, in this case the green/black tea can be call a drug because it was use to prove its protective and preventive qualities against different diseases as colorectal cancer, cardiovascular disease and hepatological diseases. In the first study the association between colorectal cancer ad green tea consumption was tested and in the second study, green/back tea in asscociation with CV diseas and liver disease in association with some other serum markers as the ones entioned above.

For the first study, the association between green/black tea and colorectal cancer, the oncidents of cancers and death were identified through cnacer records from their respective databases from the nationwide Singapore Cancer Registry and the Singapore Registry of Birth and Deaths. For the second study, the green tea/CV and liver diseases, to carry out the epidemiological study, a self administered questionnaire covering 90 lifestye factors, as present and past eating habits, history of alcohol and cigarettes consumption, history of disease, madication, and green tea consumption at most, were the most extracted from the questionnaire.

From the first cohort study was extracted that subjects who drank green tea showed a statistically non-significant increase in risk to develop colorectal cancer [relative risk = 1.12, 95% confidence interval = .97]relative to those who does not drank the green tea. The risk was mostly in men [RR= 1.31,95% CI= 1.08-1.58], RR in women was .89 in comparison with men. In men, the green tea/colorectal cancer association was mainly in patients presenting an advanced disease stage and with a dose dependent asscciation. Black tea was not associated with colorectal cancers.
The second case, green tea/CV and liver diseases, a close association between the tea and the serum components normalisation was reflected on the cardiovascular and liuver diseases. A direct association with the dose of green tea per day and the decrease of srum cholesterol, and triglycerides concentrations was noticeable. Those who drank more tea had the more reduction. Observations are corelated with experimental observations and prevalence of heart disease, confirming that green tea has preventive qualities against cardiovascular dieseases. Its also the first time that an inverse association betwen green tea/cell damage of liver has been reported in humans. Some other studies to associated green tea consumtion with other diseases including some types of concer are under way.

References:
http://search.proquest.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/docview/204012462
http://search.proquest.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/docview/219374336/abstract