NRS 433V Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations

NRS 433V Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations

NRS 433V Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations

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Qualitative Studies Critique

Almost 6.2 million adults in the United States have heart failure (HF) (Tsao et al., 2022). Statistics show that approximately 960,000 new cases of heart failure are diagnosed each year. Management of heart failure cases has been challenging and strenuous for the healthcare system. The challenges emerge from administrative issues as well as the clinical approach to the disease (Chew et al., 2021). The clinical approach in use saves lives but a majority of patients do not attain the desired quality of life. Most healthcare professionals are reverting self-management strategies to enhance the quality of life of the patients. The strategies are not only reducing the cost of treatment but also reducing hospital stays and readmission rates. Empowering nurses and other providers to educate patients on medication adherence and dietary restriction would be essential in reducing heart failure cases and improving the patient quality of life. The purpose of this paper is to examine two qualitative studies by outlining their study background, their support for HF reduction, study methods, study results, and ethical considerations.  The paper will be guided by the picot question; For patients diagnosed with heart failure (P), does education on medication adherence and dietary restrictions (I) as compared to no education (C) reduce the incidences of rehospitalization (O) with exacerbation of their heart failure over a 6-month (T) period?

Background of The Studies

Li et al. (2018) assert that self-care for chronic heart failure is a decision-making process influenced by individual, contextual and situational factors. The author asserts that most studies look at the experience and the challenges of living with heart failure yet coping processes that patients use to overcome self-care challenges are less understood. Lie et al. (2018) set the current study to understand the self-care coping process among chronic heart failure patients. The study outlines the CHF self-care coping process and can help nurses to guide patients to perform adequate self-care.  Nordfonn et al. (2019) offer a study whose aim is to explore the way patients with heart failure perceive their capacity to manage treatment and self-care. The authors assert that capacity, which means patients’ abilities, resources, and limitations that affect their ability to handle demands from health care and life with a chronic illness, have not been described in line with heart failure. Research further shows that burdens related to treatment and self-care in HF are characterized as overwhelming, difficult work, and treatment adherence low. The study is significant to nursing because it outlines how HF patients experience their capacity to manage treatment and what provides them relief from burden.

How Study Support The PICOT

The two studies target heart failure patients and revolve around self-care. They align with the picot since they look at aspects of self-care like dietary restrictions and medication adherence. Although they do not directly provide education to the patients, they assess coping mechanisms and capacity to handle heart failure. They, therefore, offer key information that can be inculcated in education programs that target patients suffering from heart failure.

Method of Studies

Li et al (2018) adopted a qualitative design and used a qualitative content-analysis approach of interviews with people with chronic heart failure. A semi-structured interview guide with open-ended questions addressed the coping process among patients with CHF. Nordfonn et al. (2019) on the other hand used a descriptive, explorative qualitative design to learn about HF patients’ experiences and their capacity to manage treatment and self-care. The authors also used individual semi-structured qualitative interviews. The two studies use semi-structured interviews whose advantages are generating voluminous details and being fairly reliable and easy to analyze (Roulston & Choi, 2018). On the flip side, the interviews require extensive resources and they are time-consuming since one has to sit down with respondents and conduct an open-ended interview.

Results

Li et al. (2018) categorized their results into three themes explaining the coping process of patients with CHF. First, patients responded to CHF self-care by dealing with negative emotions, accepting reality, and struggling between a self-care regime and self-preference. Second, the patient coping mechanism was finding ways to live with CHF. Most of the patients either enhanced understanding and knowledge about CHF engaged positively/negatively with others or relied on religious thoughts and sought consolation. Third, patients reinterpreted CHF and performed meaning-oriented coping by evaluating the meaning of life, assigning a new perspective to CHF, and discovering a deeper meaning behind it. Nordfonn et al. (2019) also reported three themes namely; personal characteristics, coping strategies, and emotional and informative support. Under personal characteristics, patients projected inherent strength and maintained a positive attitude. On coping strategies, patients either used selective denial, adapted by setting new goals, or carefully selected information. On emotional and informative support, patients either reported support from health professionals enhancing patient capacity, support from next of kin in patients’ self-care, and practical support and hope from peers.

Impact on Nursing Practice

The studies have a profound impact on nursing practice. Li et al. (2018) assert the need for nurses to handle self-appearance concerns among patients and to capitalize on meaning-oriented coping since it helps in coping with challenges of CHF. Nordfonn et al. (2019) on the other hand state that nurses should invest in improving HF patients’ capacity and help in managing their workloads from treatment to promote better experiences of illness, more effective healthcare consumption, and better healthcare outcomes.

Ethical Considerations

An ethical requirement when conducting research among patients is ethical approval. The study has to be submitted to an institutional review board (IRB) to certify that the research aims and design are ethically acceptable and follows the institution’s code of conduct (Arifin, 2018). Other ethical considerations are voluntary participation where participants are free to join and leave the study, informed consent to indicate that participants understand the purpose, benefits, risks, and funding behind the study, and confidentiality to keep personally identifiable data hidden. Li et al. (2018) fulfilled these requirements since the study was approved by the Ethics committee of the patient’s hospital and all patients signed consent forms to confirm their willingness to participate in the study. Nordfonn et al. (2019) also adhered to ethical requirements by seeking ethical permission from the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics and providing verbal and written information regarding the purpose of the interview study. Participants had the right to decline or withdraw at any time and anonymity and confidentiality was maintained throughout the study.

Conclusion

The prevalence of heart failure in the United Stated keeps on increasing in the United States. The increase is linked to administrative issues and a clinical approach to the disease. An approach that can reduce the rates is self-management and healthcare professionals should be empowered to educate patients on medical adherence and dietary restrictions. As indicated by the two studies above, self-care plays a crucial role in heart failure management. Understanding patients’ coping processes and capacity is key to educating them to handle the disease. The two studies used semi-structured interview methods of study and operated in line with expected ethical considerations. In educating patients on medication adherence and dietary restrictions it is crucial to hand their self-appearance concerns, capitalize on meaning-oriented coping and invest in enhancing their capacity to promote better healthcare outcomes and reduce incidences of rehospitalization.

References

Arifin, S. R. M. (2018). Ethical considerations in qualitative study. International Journal of Care Scholars, 1(2), 30-33. https://doi.org/10.31436/ijcs.v1i2.82

Chew, H. S. J., Sim, K. L. D., Choi, K. C., & Chair, S. Y. (2021). Effectiveness of a nurse-led temporal self-regulation theory-based program on heart failure self-care: A randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 115, 103872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103872

Li, C. C., Chang, S. R., & Shun, S. C. (2019). The self‐care coping process in patients with chronic heart failure: A qualitative study. Journal of clinical nursing, 28(3-4), 509-519. https://doi/org/10.1111/jocn.14640

Nordfonn, O. K., Morken, I. M., & Lunde Husebø, A. M. (2020). A qualitative study of living with the burden from heart failure treatment: Exploring the patient capacity for self‐care. Nursing Open, 7(3), 804-813. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.455

Roulston, K., & Choi, M. (2018). Qualitative interviews. The SAGE handbook of qualitative data collection, 233-249.

Tsao, C. W., Aday, A. W., Almarzooq, Z. I., Alonso, A., Beaton, A. Z., Bittencourt, M. S., … & Martin, S. S. (2022). Heart disease and stroke statistics-2022 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 145(8), e153-e639. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001052

Write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of two qualitative research studies. Use the “Research Critique Guidelines – Part 1” document to organize your essay. Successful completion of this assignment requires that you provide rationale, include examples, and reference content from the studies in your responses.

Use the practice problem and two qualitative, peer-reviewed research article you identified in the Topic 1 assignment to complete this assignment. Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations

In a 1,000–1,250 word essay, summarize two qualitative studies, explain the ways in which the findings might be used in nursing practice, and address ethical considerations associated with the conduct of the study.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. according to NRS 433V Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations, an abstract is not required. Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

Qualitative Studies

Introduction

Falls are a critical patient safety concern because of their adverse effects on patients and healthcare organizations. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is categorical that patient falls threaten patient safety and lowers their abilities to attain autonomy besides constituting high costs and lengthened hospital stays. They can also cause disabilities and fatalities. Giving patient education and empowering them is considered an effective way to reduce patient falls, especially in inpatient settings. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate two qualitative research articles on patient falls and analyze their relevance to the developed PICOT question.

PICOT Question

Among patients in inpatient settings (P), does patient education and empowerment (I) compared to normal safety measures (C), reduce and eliminate falls by 50% and related impacts (O) within three months (T)

Background of Studies

The first qualitative article is by Dabkowski et al. (2023) and explores the importance and perspectives of patients’ awareness of fall risks. The authors’ main consideration is the effects of falls on patients, especially those aged 40 years and above. The study is significant to nursing practice as it asserts that nurses should understand patients’ perceptions about their risk for falls to develop requisite prevention strategies. The objective of this study was to explore and understand patients’ perceptions and experiences and their effects on understanding the impact of falls. The study does not pose any research questions.

The second article is by Heng et al. (2021) who seek an understanding of and perspectives of patients concerning fall prevention education in healthcare facilities. The main problem in this study is that empowering patients through education and awareness can reduce their susceptibility to falls. The article is significant to nursing practice as it shows the interventions that nurses can use to reduce falls. The purpose of the paper was to understand inpatients’ perspectives and even preferences concerning fall prevention education. The article does not have a research question.

How Do These Two Articles Support the Nursing Practice Problem You Chose?

These two articles are critical to the issue of falls and support efforts to address it through patient education. Consequently, the two articles will be deployed to answer the PICOT question by discussing the most effective intervention. The articles will address the PICOT question by offering evidence on the quality of care outcomes based on the experiences of interviewed patients.

The interventions and comparison groups used in the articles are different from those captured in the PICOT question. For instance, the PICOT question’s intervention is patient education and awareness. This implies that the intervention is similar to the one in the PICOT question. These two articles highlight the importance of investing in patient education and empowerment among healthcare organizations to improve care delivery and patient safety.

Method of Studies

Research methods or designs are a fundamental part of any research study. The two articles use different methods to attain their results. In their article, Heng et al. (2021) used a phenomenological approach. The article by Dabkowski et al. (2023) uses a semi-structured interview among inpatients in the facility. These two are different based on their approach or study design to the issue at hand. The two studies do not use the same approaches to their research. While the two methods deployed by the articles are different, they all use qualitative approaches meaning that their interest is the same; understanding all aspects that affect patient falls education.

Semi-structured interviews offer firsthand information from respondents and lead to better responses to the phenomenon under study. On its part, the phenomenological design focuses on recording the experiences and practices of certain populations and groups by being close to them. These two methods are beneficial as they give first-hand information. The only limitation is that they are complex and require sufficient resource levels.

Results of Studies

In their findings, Dabkowski et al. (2022) assert that giving patient education empowers them to appreciate nurses’ interventions and make better decisions. Through education, patients can identify and mitigate associated risks for falls among the elderly. Further, allowing patients to have sufficient information and knowledge motivates them to avoid incidences that can lead to falls. The study also found that providers and facilities should ensure that falls education should be consistently delivered with the main purpose of empowering patients to help them change to their new condition.

The second article by Henge et al. (2020) found that fall prevention initiatives are essential and healthcare providers should implement evidence-based practice (EBP) interventions to lower their prevalence and severity. The article also found that many patients did not have information or were aware of their risk of falling. Therefore, offering falls prevention education to patients empowers them to make better safety decisions. The authors note that fall prevention education improves providers’ and patients’ knowledge leading to tailoring interventions to attain safety goals.

The two studies have significant implications for nurses and nursing practice in general. The initial implication is that patient education and empowerment lead to better outcomes and nurses should pursue and prioritize such information to reduce their susceptibility (Heng et al., 2021). Nurses should develop patient-centered approaches to reduce and stop falls in their practice settings. The studies also imply that nurses require sufficient resources to implement fall education programs in their facilities.

Ethical Considerations

Ethical considerations are essential when researching so that it attains the expected outcomes and also meets integrity standards. This implies that researchers must always consider ethical issues like integrity and honesty when conducting their studies (Dykes et al., 2023). Seeking institutional approval ensures that researchers follow expected ethical mandates and legal parameters (Vincenzo et al., 2022). The two critical ethical considerations in research include informed consent and confidentiality. Further, researchers can meet ethical requirements through an institutional review board (IRB) which certifies studies as ethical and follow legal provisions.

Researchers in the two articles considered and used informed consent and confidentiality as well as privacy. According to Hegel et al. (2020), getting approval from IRB is a critical part of maintaining the integrity of the research findings. As such, the authors in these studies considered these ethical issues while performing their research.

Conclusion

Falls remain a critical public health concern between of their adverse effects on patients, their families’ and healthcare facilities. Patient education is a core aspect of reducing and mitigating the occurrence of falls in different care settings. Therefore, the existing literature is categorical that patient education and empowerment lead to reduced rates of patient falls. Healthcare organizations should develop evidence-based practice interventions that reduce the risk of falling in different settings.

Rubic_Print_Format
Course Code Class Code Assignment Title Total Points
NRS-433V NRS-433V-O501 Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations 190.0
Criteria Percentage 1: Unsatisfactory (0.00%) 2: Less Than Satisfactory (75.00%) 3: Satisfactory (83.00%) 4: Good (94.00%) 5: Excellent (100.00%) Comments Points Earned
Content 75.0%
Qualitative Studies 5.0% Only one article is presented. Neither of the articles presented use qualitative research. Two articles are presented. Of the articles presented, only one article is based on qualitative research. N/A N/A Two articles are presented. Both articles are based on qualitative research.

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Background of Study 10.0% Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is incomplete. Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is included but lacks relevant details and explanation. Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is partially complete and includes some relevant details and explanation. Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is complete and includes relevant details and explanation. Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation.
Article Support of Nursing Practice Issue 15.0% Discussion on Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerationshow articles support the PICOT question is incomplete. A summary of how articles support the PICOT question is presented. It is unclear how the articles can be used to answer the proposed PICOT question. Significant information and detail are required. A general discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is presented. The articles demonstrate general support in answering the proposed PICOT question. It is unclear how the interventions and comparison groups in the articles compare to those identified in the PICOT question. Some rational or information is needed. A discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is presented. The articles demonstrate support in answering the proposed PICOT question. The interventions and comparison groups in the articles compare to those identified in the PICOT question. Minor detail or rational is needed for clarity or support. A clear discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is presented. The articles demonstrate strong support in answering the proposed PICOT question. The interventions and comparison groups in the articles strongly compare to those identified in the PICOT question.
Method of Study 15.0% Discussion on the method of study for each article is omitted. The comparison of study methods is omitted or incomplete. A partial summary of the method of study for each article is presented. The comparison of study methods is incomplete. A benefit and a limitation of each method are omitted or incomplete. There are significant inaccuracies. A general discussion on the method of study for each article is presented. The comparison of study methods is summarized. A benefit and a limitation of each method are summarized. There some inaccuracies or partial omissions. More information is needed. A discussion on the method of study for each article is presented. The comparison of study methods is generally described. A benefit and a limitation of each method are presented. There minor are inaccuracies. Some detail is required for accuracy or clarity. A thorough discussion on the method of study for each article is presented. The comparison of study methods is described in detail. A benefit and a limitation of each method are presented. The discussion demonstrates a solid understanding of research methods. Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
Results of Study 15.0% Discussion of study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, is incomplete. A summary of the study results includes findings and implications for nursing practice but lacks relevant details and explanation. There are some omissions or inaccuracies. Discussion of study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, is generally presented. Overall, the discussion includes some relevant details and explanation. Discussion of study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, is complete and includes relevant details and explanation. Discussion of study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation.
Ethical Considerations 15.0% Discussion of ethical considerations when conducting nursing research is incomplete. A discussion on ethical considerations of the two articles presented in the essay is incomplete. Discussion of ethical considerations when conducting nursing research is included but lacks relevant details and explanation. A discussion on ethical considerations of the two articles used in the essay is summarized but there are significant inaccuracies or omissions. Discussion of ethical considerations when conducting nursing research is partially complete and includes some relevant details and explanation. A discussion on ethical considerations of the two articles used in the essay is discussed but there are some inaccuracies, or some information is needed. Discussion of ethical considerations when conducting nursing research is complete and includes relevant details and explanation. A discussion on ethical considerations of the two articles used in the essay is presented; some detail in needed for accuracy or clarity as required by NRS 433V Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations. Discussion of ethical considerations associated with the conduct of nursing research is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation. A detailed discussion on ethical considerations of the two articles used in the essay is presented.
Organization and Effectiveness 15.0%
Thesis Development and Purpose 5.0% Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim. Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear. Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose. Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose. Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear. Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
Argument Logic and Construction 5.0% Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources. Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility. Argument is orderly, but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis. Argument shows logical progressions. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative. Argument is clear and convincing and presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.
Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use) 5.0% Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used. Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence structure, or word choice are present. Some