The Earth System as Transformed by Human Activities: Please write a paper of approximately 5 pages (double spaced, normal 12 point fonts, 1 inch margins) using at least 5 references that describes and investigates how humans have changed or modified the landscape you wrote about in Writing Assignment #1. Please follow the guidelines below in preparing your assignment.

1. Review your first Writing Assignment and re-familiarize yourself with what you wrote. Think about the landscape you described and what features of the landscape might be affected by humans. Write yourself a list or outline of possible ways that humans have modified your chosen landscape. You’ll use these notes to start writing.

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2. From those notes you wrote, select 2 examples of how humans have modified your landscape. Each of these should come from a different sphere (atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, lithosphere). Be aware that some of the examples you come up with might overlap with multiple spheres.

3. You’ll now write a 5 page paper using at least 5 supporting resources. The 5 pages does not include your bibliography. Allow yourself enough time to track down your 1 resources, do you research, and cite your sources correctly.

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4. For your paper, write an introduction of approximately one page. First, briefly present and describe your landscape. Then, introduce the idea that humans are an important force when it comes to shaping and modifying landscapes, including yours. Next, briefly describe (in about one sentence each) the two examples you’ll discuss in your paper. Finally, end the section with a statement regarding why it is important to understand the role humans have in shaping landscapes.

5. For each of your two examples, write a section (of approximately 1.5 pages each) describing and investigating your human modifications. Be sure to do the necessary research and cite your references appropriately. For instance, if you’re discussing a mining operation, be sure you research how that type of mining is done, how it might affect not only the lithosphere, but also the hydrosphere (does the mine affect water quality?) or the biosphere (was the mine built in a region of high biodiversity or a special habitat for plants or animals? What happened as a consequence of the mining to the hydrosphere, the biosphere, the atmosphere?). If you’re discussing a dam or reservoir, when was the dam built? For what purpose was it built? How has the dam affected the landscape (how has the hydrosphere been changed? Were there consequences downstream or upstream from the dam for the biosphere or lithosphere?). If you’re looking at a rapidly growing city, what have been the consequences for water resources or air quality or wildlife habitat or hazards or climate? You should feel free to research and describe both good and bad outcomes of the landscape modification, but be sure to do your research, draw on multiple sources, and cite your references appropriately.

6. In a final section (about 1 page), summarize your findings and reflect on the future. What have been the consequences of the human modifications of the landscape you researched and wrote about? How do you balance the benefits and the negative consequences of this modification? What might happen in the future to the modifications you described? Will they change (e.g. will mining areas be reclaimed or dam removed or forest restored or rivers cleaned up?). In what ways do we human rely on the landscape (for water, clear air, food, raw materials) and how does human modification of the landscape change or threaten that relationship and that dependence?

SAMPLE INTRODUCTION

The Earth System as Transformed by Human Activities

Marzluff (2008) states human modification of the landscape and driven climate change significantly alter the earth surface and the processes. The city of Cairo is not an exception, and may also follow suit when detrimental human activities are practiced within the geographical setup. The atmosphere in Egypt counts as one of the best and Cairo, therefore, has a pleasant atmosphere. The hydrosphere of the region mainly comprises of river Nile that provides water for various human activities. The biosphere is important although in the recent past the city has an increase in the production of livestock and that has considerably led to water and air pollution. Soil erosion provides the mechanism for understanding what is at stake however it is important to understand the cause.

Studies conducted in the environment depict human influence as an exogenous source of disturbance or an intrinsic form of the earth systems (Oliver 65). Valuable insights on the nature of environment relationship and the impacts that arise due to human activity have been achieved by comparing the natural systems and those altered by human activity. Human environmental studies have inherently been expanded the scope by viewing the earth surface systems that are altered by the human activity (Oliver 73).  The practice of industrial agriculture and deforestation in the country has significant impacts on the earth system as they interfere with the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and the lithosphere.